Doctorfish Tang

Also known as the Blue Tang or Palette Surgeonfish.
The Doctorfish Tang is a popular and visually striking reef tang, famous for its vibrant blue body, yellow tail, and distinct black “palette” pattern. Native to the Indo-Pacific region, including the Great Barrier Reef and Hawaii, this active and hardy tang is admired for its algae-grazing abilities and graceful swimming. Captive-bred Doctorfish Tangs adapt well to aquariums and are an excellent choice for intermediate to advanced reef hobbyists seeking a bold, colorful centerpiece.

Key Features

Scientific Name: Acanthurus chirurgus
Common Names: Doctorfish Tang, Blue Tang, Palette Surgeonfish
Adult Size: 12–16 inches (30–40 cm)
Lifespan: 8–20+ years with proper care
Temperament: Semi-aggressive; generally peaceful but may defend territory around similar tangs
Reef Compatibility: Reef-safe 
Minimum Tank Size: 150 gallons
Experience Level: Intermediate 

Habitat & Tank Requirements

Natural Habitat: Found along reef slopes, lagoons, and outer reef areas at depths of 10–130 feet, grazing on filamentous algae and detritus.

Tank Environment:

• Open swimming space is critical
• Strong water flow to mimic natural currents
• Plentiful live rock for grazing and hiding
• Secure lid to prevent jumping
• Established aquariums recommended (3+ months)

Water Parameters:

• Temperature: 74–82°F (23–28°C)
• Salinity: 1.023–1.025 specific gravity
• pH: 8.1–8.4
• Ammonia/Nitrite: 0 ppm
• Nitrate: <20 ppm
• Alkalinity: 8–12 dKH

Essential Equipment:

• Efficient protein skimmer
• Strong filtration system
• Moderate-to-strong lighting
• Regular water changes (10–15% weekly)

Diet & Feeding

Doctorfish Tangs are primarily herbivores but will accept prepared foods once acclimated.

Recommended Foods:

• Pellets/Flakes: Algae-based, spirulina, herbivore formulas
• Frozen Foods: Finely chopped marine algae, phytoplankton
• Plant Matter: Nori sheets, spirulina sheets
• Prepared Mixes: Herbivore blends, enriched frozen preparations

Feeding Schedule:

• Feed 2–3 times daily
• Offer portions that can be consumed in 2–3 minutes
• Variety ensures healthy digestion and maintains vibrant coloration

Behavior & Compatibility

Temperament: Peaceful with most species but may show territorial behavior toward other tangs

Tank Mates: Compatible with most peaceful reef fish including gobies, wrasses, blennies, and non-aggressive tangs. Caution with aggressive tangs or predatory species.

Pairing Behavior: Can be kept singly or in groups in large aquariums. Juveniles adapt more readily to community environments.

Reef Compatibility

• Completely reef-safe; will not harm corals or invertebrates
• Excellent choice for mixed reef aquariums

Acclimation & Care Tips

Initial Acclimation:

• Drip acclimation over 45–60 minutes
• Float bag for temperature equalization (15–20 minutes)
• Dim lights during introduction

Health Considerations:

• Susceptible to marine ich (Cryptocaryon) if stressed
• Quarantine for 2–3 weeks before adding to display tank

Signs of a Healthy Specimen:

• Active grazing and swimming
• Clear eyes and smooth fins
• Vibrant, uniform coloration with distinct black palette

Color & Development

Coloration Characteristics:

• Body: Bright royal blue
• Pattern: Black “palette” shape along mid-body
• Fins: Yellow caudal fin; blue dorsal and anal fins
• Eyes: Clear and bright

Color Intensity:

• High-quality diet maintains vivid blue and yellow tones
• Proper lighting enhances palette contrast
• Stress or poor water quality may cause temporary fading

Size & Growth:

• Juveniles start at 2–3 inches
• Reach adult size (12–16 inches) within 18–24 months

Special Considerations

Quarantine is Recommended: Observe for parasites and disease, monitor appetite and activity, condition to prepared aquarium foods.

Captive-Bred Advantages:

• Better adaptation to aquarium life
• Reduced disease risk
• More consistent coloration
• Stronger feeding habits

Breeding Potential:
Breeding Doctorfish Tangs in captivity is rare. Spawning may occur in large, mature reef systems with optimal conditions, abundant grazing surfaces, and stable water quality. Raising larvae is complex and generally requires professional facilities.

Why Choose a Quarantined Doctorfish Tang?

A fully quarantined Doctorfish Tang offers better long-term success, fewer health issues, stronger feeding habits, and a smoother transition into your display tank, giving you confidence that your new tang will thrive and display its full vibrant colors in your reef system.